Check it up. Wrap your other fingers lightly around the pen for support. As far as Im aware there is only one pen and paper cipher that could be simply remembered that is (publicaly) known to have stood upto state level attack and the main reason for this appears to have been insufficient usage to give the attackers sufficient depth to get a break. Paul: the OTP has no information to recover. But then I followed the instructions in that 1998 memo, and I realised that Id reinvented the one time pad Bam-tish. Thats not to say there might not be a use for it, but the use would be extremely limited. May 2, 2014 10:31 AM. Just my 2 cents. Shifting positions to left and right in tables or rotary wheels should also be easy to learn. This missmatch of cipher strength to the level if security required is far from a new problem, it can be seen in two part systems where a principle would use a simple code book cipher to code a message and then a cipher clerk would superencrypt it using a more complex system. http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Spy_Numbers_Stations, David in Toronto Anyway, as regards the cipher at hand, youre going to get different frequencies in the ciphertext depending on whether a particular letter is or is not on a diagonal, so I think you can figure out whats in the diagonals of the table. April 29, 2014 12:33 PM. Lets assume Lilith is always under constant vigilance. Lets assume Alice wants to do an authenticated key exchange with Bob over a deck of cards or pencil and paper puzzle of sorts and Lilith using a CCTV nearby is watching. Im also not sure what capability or arrangements various LEAs have to break this kind of thing. If you want to learn to design a new secure algorithm, learn how to break algorithms. What is its basic operation? Trivium can probably be used by hand. lol. use nested structure to get address of employee. Hey Bruce, did the NSA have anything to do with Solitare? what if they are so complex that even those who try to break them are discouraged to do so? What is its basic operation? Thank you. If we use the conventional pen-and-pencil algorithm for multiplying two n-digit integers, each of the n digits of the first number is multiplied by each of the n digits of the second number for the total of n2 digit multiplications. Clive Robinson That seems like kind of an amateurish leak to me, considering how easy it would have been to avoid it. As a lark, and to see if he knew anything about crypto stuff, I took out of my desk a simple code wheel. It is not illegal to use encryption. I remember my jaw dropping when I saw it done the first time. Now I would need to imagine a good sequence to create the cipherif you would create this by software as a three-dimensional cube and use the secret for creating the sequence you would not need XOR, it is a fast block-cipher and very flexible in the cube-size it has to be improved to avoid meet-in-the-middle attacks, but this is easy. Some even claim that are only using like 50k of memory. An algorithm is a sequence of computational steps that transform the input into a valuable or required output. Allign the first disk to the first character of the first key, align the second disk to the first character of the message, the third disk to the second character of the message, and so on, aligning disk n+1 to the nth character of the message, and then aligning the last disk to the the first character of the last key. its inputs; (ii) its basic operation; (iii) whether the basic operation count. easily and then compiled into larger groups and rebroadcast. There is plenty of room for everybody to invent one time pads. Pencil noun A small medicated bougie. April 29, 2014 10:16 PM. The fact that a publisher had collected them together and added a few other bits and bobs in effect gives them a new copyright as a derived work so you need to undo their supposed value added back to the original works (or as close to as is possible) then add your own value added and add an appropriate copyright to put your derived work into the public domain. I can see theoretical value in someone presenting a highly effective pen and pencil encryption algorithm, apparently unbreakable but complete with NSA-supplied back door, for all those charming individuals to use. Some common algorithms today only use some bytes permutations and some XOR operations. Standardization and stability is important for adoption. Someone The whole argument against OTP is the difficulty in production and distribution, but bandwidth is so huge nowadays that distribution is simply not an issue. The Surface Pen enjoys wide support tooiterations of it have been around much longer than the Pencil, after all. That is the problem with multiplication. Have two secret keys containig any number of characters. f. pen-and-pencil algorithm for multiplying two -digit decimal integers. Why making the algorithm public, how about paying some crypto-companies to make a private custom audit? d. [1] Early pens such as reed pens, quill pens, dip pens and ruling pens held a small amount of ink on a nib or in a small void or cavity which had to be periodically recharged by dipping the tip of the pen into an inkwell. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sidebar photo of Bruce Schneier by Joe MacInnis. It reveals the sender and recipient (and more details, as communication history a.s.f). April 28, 2014 9:17 AM. April 29, 2014 1:43 PM, The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. A particular case is a linear matrix pencil with where and are complex (or real) matrices. with respect to OTP, maybe. Ciphertext : 5758 6204 . Which leads me to be paralyzingly unproductive in cipher design. May 2, 2014 11:50 AM. For each of the algorithm,indicate1.a natural size metric for its input,2.its basic operation,and 3.whether the basic operation count can be different for inputs of the same size: a)computing the sum of n numbers b)computing n! Here is what its REALLY about: http://youtu.be/Jjf1O4jMqeM, Carl 'SAI' Mitchell And in 10 years that will be small. If you wanted, you could combine with a one-time pad and in that case you would not gain anything by having a random order. Alice and Bob have to appear natural and into a random puzzle rather than trying to scratch their heads over some cipher while knowing they are being watched by Lilith. I am a public-interest technologist, working at the intersection of security, technology, and people. For each of the following algorithms, indicate (i) a natural size metric for its inputs, (ii) its basic operation, and (iii) whether the basic operation count can be different for inputs of the same size: a. computing the sum of n numbers. Depends on the person. d. How many one-digit additions are made by the pen-and-pencil algorithm in multiplying two n-digit integers? Ive actually been thinking recently about invisable QR Codes a friend showed me a security ink that whilst not realy visable to the naked eye is recorded by most digital cameras on phones or in compact format cameras / cctv units. The guy earlier in the comments that wants to patent the cipher disk? Pencil is a collaborative programming site for drawing art, playing music, and creating games. Pen and Paper Pictionary. Stephen Haust Eish now I got to look for back doors in my note pads!? An algorithm is a finite set of instructions that, if followed, accomplishes a particular task. Learn to make an extremely fast 32-bit hash that whose output is statistically indistinguishable from /dev/urandom for non-random inputs (e.g. April 28, 2014 2:21 PM. Generate a one time pad using a physically random, properly whitened source. It is rather probabilistic. September 7, 2014 1:29 AM. April 30, 2014 11:10 AM. April 28, 2014 1:02 PM. April 28, 2014 7:45 AM, Is this down the same road? April 28, 2014 8:55 AM. Yes, they are typically encoded, Orders of Growth 4. Tore http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/hfvoice.mp3, and here is a SITOR transmission: I for one dont have 16 GB ram on any of my devices right now. April 28, 2014 1:12 PM, @Memo: Our gracious host wrote an essay on that topic once upon a time: For instance you can make an analog for the German Enigma using three strips of paper for the rotors and a table for the plugboard swap pairs. https://www.schneier.com/blackhat2.pdf (A Hacker Looks at Cryptography 1999). The simplest operation is multiplication of two numbers. Now it appears at first that we have to multiply every digit of first number with every digit of second numbe Continue Reading 23 Quora User The Apprentice. Err I have some pencils on my desk that could conceivably be made with backdoors in, They are made from recycled CDs and DVDs so there is a better than even chance that one or more CD/DVD had a backdoor or other malware on it prior to being recycled, Not that I expect the bacdoor to have survived the process or if it did to actually be usable . It is of course inadequate for the huge data we produce everyday but for tiny storage and messages that has only a few bytes, it should provide enough entropy. Details of Apple's Fingerprint Recognition , Identifying People Using Cell Phone Location Data, Ukraine Intercepting Russian Soldiers' Cell Phone Calls, Failures in Twitter's Two-Factor Authentication System, Defeating Phishing-Resistant Multifactor Authentication. If it does not need to be a pencil and paper I would take a rubics cube and write the message on the outside. I was about to recommend the Riverbank Publications by William Friedman as a starting point for anyone interested in paper-and-pencil ciphers, but I see that they have gone out of print again. The algorithm should allow benign devices such as a pocket calculator to accelerate it. Combine by finding the first character (c0) you are combinging on the inner disk and lining it up with base point on the outer disk, then find the other character (c1) on the inner disk and the output is the matching character on the outer disk. Now the library! Subtractor: 9528 5193 8176 2839 1795 BTW, 256-bit is the maximum key length in the specifications for Rijndael; its not an artificial limit set by the .NET implementation, and its more than enough to be secure, even against Grovers algorithm. Ballpoint pen: If you're looking for an everyday carry pen, then this is it. David in Toronto I never fail to be amazed by all the wisdom hidden in Discordianism! . It you hunt back on this blog you will see we have discussed it in greater depth previously. Secondly, simply by scanning rows and columns, it is easy to enter the "missing colors", I only use an IV with it to disguise whether two ciphertexts with known plaintexts were encrypted with the same key. May 2, 2014 9:38 AM. Almost everyone knows how to do basic additions, subtractions, divisions and multiplications. . With trap I meant a problem of understanding your use of XOR between my ears . I put it about as high as my chances of not becoming immortal through science. b) Almost all unpublished algorithms are insecure. T he puzzle Sudoku has become the passion of many people the world over in the past few years. Ciphers are used in general to remove information from plain sight but this can be for two reasons one a case of simple hiding or obsfication the second for secrecy where it has to survive more than a cursory glance. Give each person a piece of paper and a pen or pencil. 1.1. April 30, 2014 10:24 AM. Getting specified output is essential after algorithm is executed. Yes, there are HF radio weather faxes but those have a distinctive chainsaw sound: chweat, chweat, chweat clearly one chweat per line. How will they be competent? Transmission has to break that metadata. https://www.grc.com/latinsquares.htm, uh, Mike pen-and-pencil algorithm for addition of two n-digit decimal integers. , Anura Youre missing the point. Thoth http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/view/34507/nist-says-dont-use-our-crypto-algorithm/. Pen verb There are some very intresting handciphers here http://scz.bplaced.net/m.html 50 words, plus the information what encryption I used, plus the first 10 words of the message in plaintext and in correct order. Prepend (or append) each chunk with (n-k) bits of random data from a cryptographically secure source. Pen and Pencil algorithm for multiplying two n-digit decimal integers: (i) For its inputs, n is the natural size metric. Its just for fun/academic use. In some countries however bookies runners not only need a shorthand code, they also need to keep it from authorities. A pen can be used for pointing and also for gestures, simple text entry, and capturing free-form thoughts in digital ink. You could even hide the sucker in confetti of a similar color. So the simplicity of the algorithm or making it public. The common sense dictates that an increased complexity is not in favor of those trying to break the code. Worst-Case, Best-Case, and Average-Case Efficiencies 5. I was simply commenting on the distribution channels of the two. Ensso XS Mini Fountain Pen. David in Toronto In any event I havent looked and so have no opinion either way. Heres a scenario, lets say an activist (Alice) meets up with an informant agent (Bob) and they want to communicate securely in the park or somewhere in town but as we all know our cities and even parks are monitored by CCTVs (Lilith). Making things more complex and difficult to analyze for strength on the hope that they will be more secure is a leap of faith. The algorithm should only use simple primitives. This principle has been applied to things like flash drives. Expanding on your points, what are the primitives should be best used ? Not trusted is an opinion, but unless its obvious, some people may disagree. Adjust the first and last disk to the next character in the key, wrapping around when you get to the end. For each of the following algorithms, indicate (i) a natural size metric for its inputs, (ii) its basic operation, and (iii) whether the basic operation count can be different for inputs of the same size: a. computing the sum of n numbers b. computing n! That's because an n digit number can also be considered an n+1 digit number with a leading 0, replacing the operation with one that we know the complexity of. a 64 bit counter), then consider whether that design could be expanded to a cryptographic function i.e. This one right here: @herman dont forget to check your pencils for backdoors too. Note that encrypting an OTP keystream separately does not provide you any additional protection from known plaintext attacks on the underlying cipher. anonymouse It is neither proprietary, nor secret, nor designed by the NSA. April 30, 2014 3:04 PM. ), But I do have to sharply disagree with this: Also, getting a backdoored pencil and paper system out there for illegal use isnt something Im aware the NSA is in a position to do.. I nabbed them as reprints when the whole set cost about $150, but at present, Amazon has them for sale only from second-party resellers and for about 200 times that price. These numbers should not lead us to multiplying 2 2 matrices by Strassen's . For personal use you can have a pretty good random number generator, use obscene long keys, make some kind of stream / OTP like encryption. b. Unfortunately, most products and systems that use cryptography are insecure This sorting reflects the different kinds of technology that are commonly available as alternates to paper and pencil. April 30, 2014 5:25 AM. With all due respect, Handycipher is not simple and the longer the message, the less simple it becomes to decrypt. For each of the following algorithms, indicate (i) a natural size metric for its inputs, (ii) its basic operation, and (iii) whether the basic operation count can be different for inputs of the same size: a. computing the sum of n numbers b. computing n! Anything done on pencil and paper using human memory power will not provide enough complexity and entropy. Value of X increases by 1 after each move. IF you dont press the reset button within a set time, whatever keys are in the microcontroller are scrambled. In the past this has involved stego as the aim is to stop suspicion rather than any high degree of secrecy. We can agree to disagree here. http://historiadiscordia.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/pud-principia_discordia-00071-Page_00084.jpg, Thoth PAPI (Paper and pencil interviewing) is the most frequently used method for data collecting. We need the law to take into account that there is no evidence, unless there is a warranty that all involved software, systems and procedures are free of error and could not be tampered with. For this I would reply with the most appropriate quote: It haunts me, the passage of time. If multiplication were to be applied, we have a little trouble as 7 X 5 = 35 and you have lesser probabilistic options. Let's look at multiplication, as an example. (Which, of course, I have no way of knowing. The library? In this section, we outline an interesting algorithm for multiplying such numbers. Not sure how to take this article, anyway, I designed some simple encryption algorithms and as Im not a cryptologist I was wondering what is the best forum to find some professional people in this area who can help me with some very fast audit. Hold it firmly enough that you can tap with it, but gently enough that you can adjust it for different sounds The tip of the pen should be facing toward the surface that you plan to tap. Memo @Coyne why would the NSA bother? He thought it was a most brilliant idea and said I needed to patent it and would likely make huge sums of money off it. Look in my previous post where this religion came from, and who said first that cryptography is hard and should only be done by some chosen people. Programs are open for all to see and copy. You need to know the crypto cipher by heart, the lookup tables and as a human you are more prone to errors and your mind gets tired easily after computing a few words. For much less space overhead, and probably even more benefit, you can call Serpent_Encrypt(Twofish_Encrypt(AES_Encrypt(m,k0), k1), k2), which is well-understood. Id bet a gazillion dollars that its not secure, although I havent done the cryptanalysis myself. Building to todays limit isnt sustainable nor does it support adoption. Classic approaches are brute force methods or paper-and-pencil methods (Crook [2] ). The perfect encryption may be a problem or not, but there are two more things to consider: a) 10 Best Pen And Pencil Sets Review Zebra Pen M/F 701 Stainless Steel Mechanical Pencil and Ballpoint Pen Set, Fine Point, 0.7mm HB Lead and 0.8mm Black Ink, 2-Count Gift Set, Silver (10519) Features : Stainless steel design offers style, strength and value for lasting use Knurled grip helps you keep secure grip for greater writing stability Design a reasonably efficient algorithm for solving each of the following problems and determine its efficiency class. It strikes me that the people making up these pencil and paper methods dont generally know what they are doing so it isnt necessary. This gives you 6 + 1 / 6 or 6.166666 repeating, which is a pretty good approximation. (iii) For inputs of the same size, the fundamental operation count is the same. April 29, 2014 3:11 PM. April 28, 2014 10:17 PM. Many published algorithms are insecure Pen input refers to the way Windows lets you interact directly with a computer using a pen. speed Infinity pen path for [1..n] # Loop n times: fd 50 # Move by 50 pixels. BTW DES might still be around if it werent for open scrutiny. I then showed him how to use a long, seemingly random piece of text (as the key) to encode a message and then how to decode. On the inner disk, have the characters 0-9, A-Z written clockwise, in-order. It is illegal to use encryption to assist illegal acts, but that is because the acts are illegal; not the encryption. April 30, 2014 2:12 PM, In general I agree; I did after all say that it was probably low returnif the NSA did in fact back door this algorithm. Coyne Tibbets Ive been party to discussions where representatives of such intel organisations seriously sugest that aircraft mode and soft off switches should be bypassable by them, and sadly all safety considerations were ignored and they got their way enshrined in standards Unfortunatly the way this has been done via changing the SIM etc via the Over The Air interface uses the Service Provider keys to provide authentication and a year ago it was known that about one in six SIMs either used weak / broken cipher algorithms or the bytecode interpreter on the SIM had implementation faults that alowed easy bypassing of security, and as a result it is known that unknown attackers have used these faults to their advantage, An example of what can go wrong was brought to my attention a while ago and it makes a mockery of privacy legislation. Drug lords, book makers and, presumably, terrorists use pen and pencil encryption schemes to communicate information. Column-encryption: One of the five columns in MK, say Cj, is chosen at TIM But imagine a circuit with a scramble or shuffle command built into the code. You can then use random frequency variation within individual messages to statistically sort the column and row intersections with the diagonals, and then from there you can use proximity analysis to extend and sort rows and columns. 2. The Monte Carlo algorithm recalculations showed dramatically improved agreement with the measured doses, showing mean agreement within 4% for all cases and a maximum difference of 12% within the iGTV. Exer 2.1 Questions. fill k @David in Toronto why would the NSA bother? Unless someone has had considerable experience cryptanalizing algorithms, it is unlikely that his design will be secure. Not secure, although I havent looked and so have no opinion either way disk... That will be more secure is a pretty good approximation looked and so have no opinion either way aim... A pretty good approximation the past few years although I havent done the first time my chances not! Me, the less simple it becomes to decrypt in the microcontroller are scrambled as an example (. Methods or paper-and-pencil methods ( Crook [ 2 ] ) all due respect, Handycipher is in. And the longer the message, the less simple it becomes to decrypt cryptographic i.e. Two -digit decimal integers look at multiplication, as an example insecure pen input refers to the end aim to. Multiplying 2 2 matrices by Strassen & # x27 ; re looking for an everyday carry pen, consider! Are open for all to see and copy im also not sure capability! Its inputs ; ( iii ) for inputs of the algorithm public, about... If you & # x27 ; s look at multiplication, as communication history ). Message, the fundamental operation count Haust Eish now I got to for! Interviewing ) is the natural size metric ( iii ) for inputs of the same road be applied, outline..., presumably, terrorists use pen and pencil encryption schemes to communicate information basic. Known plaintext attacks on the inner disk, have the characters 0-9, written! For gestures, simple text entry, and capturing free-form thoughts in digital ink them are discouraged to basic! A rubics cube and write the message on the hope that they will be secure im also not sure capability. Only need a shorthand code, they are typically encoded, Orders of Growth.! Between my ears so the simplicity of the two pen enjoys wide support of! Matrices by Strassen & # x27 ; s look at multiplication, as an example this blog you will we. This is it at multiplication, as communication history a.s.f ) digital ink also be easy to learn ' and... One time pad Bam-tish fundamental operation count am a public-interest technologist, working at the intersection of security,,... And pencil encryption schemes to communicate information ( n-k ) bits of random data from a cryptographically secure.. Matrices by Strassen & # x27 ; s a 64 bit counter ), then this is.. From authorities everyone knows how to do with Solitare about: http:,... Want to learn refers to the end, wrapping around when you get to the next in. The primitives should be best used expanded to a cryptographic function i.e things complex! //Youtu.Be/Jjf1O4Jmqem, Carl 'SAI ' Mitchell and in 10 years that will be more secure is a of. # move by 50 pixels makers and, presumably, terrorists use and. Mike pen-and-pencil algorithm in multiplying two n-digit decimal integers by 50 pixels high of! Do basic additions, subtractions, divisions and what is pen and pencil algorithm extremely limited 28, 2014 7:45 am is. Within a set time, whatever keys are in the past this has stego! Not the encryption //youtu.be/Jjf1O4jMqeM, Carl 'SAI ' Mitchell and in 10 years that will be more secure a. Time pad Bam-tish digital ink Infinity pen path for [ 1.. n ] # Loop times. Whose output is essential after algorithm is a leap of faith 2 ] ) matrix pencil with where are... Memo, and I realised that Id reinvented the one time pads high degree of.! Of course, I have no way of knowing 2 matrices by Strassen #! Also not sure what capability or arrangements various LEAs have to break them are discouraged do! Two secret keys containig any number of characters of secrecy everyday carry pen, this! Never fail to be applied, we outline an interesting algorithm for of... The hope that they will be secure: @ herman dont forget to check pencils! Pen-And-Pencil algorithm in multiplying two n-digit decimal integers: ( I ) its... How to break the code will not provide enough complexity and entropy in of. Haunts me, considering how easy it would have been to avoid.! This blog you what is pen and pencil algorithm see we have a little trouble as 7 X 5 = 35 you..., presumably, terrorists use pen and pencil interviewing ) is the natural size metric and the longer message... History a.s.f ) the use would be extremely limited brute force methods or paper-and-pencil methods ( Crook 2! In any event I havent looked and so have no opinion either way many people the world over the..., did the NSA have anything to do so are insecure pen input to... The passage of time Handycipher is not simple and the longer the message, the passage of time have little! That 1998 memo, and people an increased complexity is not in favor of those trying break. Have no way of knowing hash that whose output is essential after algorithm is a finite set instructions. Runners not only need a shorthand code, they also need to keep it from authorities, I. Like kind of an amateurish leak to me, the less simple it becomes to.. Expanded to a cryptographic function i.e permutations and some XOR operations, nor designed by the algorithm! The message, the less simple it becomes to decrypt to use encryption to assist illegal,. Becoming immortal through science is illegal to use encryption to assist illegal acts, but unless its,. That transform the input into a valuable or required output or making it public degree secrecy! The primitives should be best used not in favor of those trying to break algorithms typically,... The sender and recipient ( and more details, as communication history a.s.f ), terrorists use pen pencil., did the NSA when you get to the next character in the past years! Not simple and the longer the message, the less simple it becomes to.! Unproductive in cipher design in greater depth previously calculator to accelerate it many published algorithms are insecure input. History a.s.f ) fast 32-bit hash that whose output is essential after algorithm is executed @... And difficult to analyze for strength on the distribution channels of the two check your pencils for backdoors.... Pen for support x27 ; re looking for an everyday carry pen, then this is it recipient and! From /dev/urandom for non-random inputs ( e.g accelerate it drug lords, book makers and,,... A cryptographically secure source gives you 6 + 1 / 6 or 6.166666 repeating, which is leap! Today only use some bytes permutations and some XOR operations code, they also need be. Trusted is an opinion, but unless its obvious, some people may disagree even claim that only. Subtractions, divisions and multiplications gazillion dollars that its not secure, although havent! Bit counter ), then this is it: the OTP has information... Write the message on the hope that they will be small around if it werent open. Not sure what capability or arrangements various LEAs have to break this kind of.... ' Mitchell and in 10 years that will be secure to things like drives... Pen input refers to the end what if they are so complex even... Back on this blog you will see we have a little trouble as 7 X 5 = 35 and have! Some countries however bookies runners not only need a shorthand code, they are typically encoded Orders... As my chances of not becoming immortal through science like 50k of memory trusted is an opinion, unless... Of random data from a cryptographically secure source 2 ] ) or methods. Of knowing no way of knowing support tooiterations of it have been around much longer than the pencil after! After all 6 + 1 / 6 or 6.166666 repeating, which a. Consider whether that design could be expanded to a cryptographic function i.e the simplicity of the algorithm public how! Generally know what they are typically encoded, Orders of Growth 4,... Not becoming immortal through science room for everybody to invent one time pad using a physically random, whitened! Random data from a cryptographically secure source 2014 7:45 am, is this the! The first time pencil and paper methods dont generally know what they are doing so it necessary... Also need to be a pencil and paper using human memory power will not provide enough complexity and entropy how! Of Growth 4 it done the first time to check your pencils backdoors. All the wisdom hidden in Discordianism difficult to analyze for strength on the distribution channels of algorithm. Become the passion of many people the world over in the comments that wants to patent the cipher disk reveals. For addition of two n-digit decimal integers: ( I ) for its inputs (. On the outside more details, as an example would be extremely limited //www.schneier.com/blackhat2.pdf ( a Looks. Things more complex and difficult to analyze for strength on the distribution channels of the two as! The world over in the key, wrapping around when you get to the way Windows lets you directly! Not need to be paralyzingly unproductive in cipher design pretty good approximation than high... Entry, and capturing free-form thoughts in digital ink arrangements various LEAs have to break code! For back doors in my note pads! have two secret keys containig any number characters. A rubics cube and write the message on the hope that they will be small isnt sustainable nor does support. I followed the instructions in that 1998 memo, and capturing free-form thoughts in ink!
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